Earth embankments to divert lava are an example of which category?

• A. Monitoring
• B. Planning
• C. Protection
• D. Evacuation

Answer: (C)

Protection focuses on reducing the impact of hazards with physical measures. Earth embankments that divert lava act as a protective barrier, shielding communities and infrastructure by changing the lava’s path and keeping it away from vulnerable areas. This is different from monitoring, which is about detecting signs of an eruption; planning, which is about preparing strategies and resources in advance; and evacuation, which is moving people away from danger when it arises. Embankments address the hazard directly by reducing exposure and potential damage, though they are often part of a broader mix of protective actions, monitoring, planning, and evacuation in a risk management plan.