Which of the following is an example of monitoring for tectonic hazards?

• A. Evacuation routes
• B. Hazard maps
• C. Ground-swelling detected by satellites
• D. Emergency service training

Answer: (C)

Monitoring for tectonic hazards means continuously watching for signs that the crust is deforming or stress is changing, so scientists can detect developing hazards as they unfold. Ground-swelling detected by satellites is a clear example because it relies on remote sensing to measure tiny surface movements over time. These satellite measurements, often using techniques like InSAR, reveal how the crust is accumulating strain and where deformation is occurring, providing ongoing data that can indicate rising risk or evolving conditions before a major event. In contrast, evacuation routes are part of response planning to move people during an event, hazard maps guide planning by showing known risk areas, and emergency service training prepares responders for action during emergencies. These do not involve the continuous observation of tectonic processes, which is why ground-swelling detected by satellites best fits the concept of monitoring.