Which of the following is NOT a tectonic hazard?

• A. Volcano
• B. Earthquake
• C. Flood
• D. Tsunami

Answer: (C)

Hazards tied to plate movements come from the Earth's crust slipping, melting, or displacing water at tectonic boundaries—earthquakes occur when rocks rupture and slip, volcanoes erupt as magma moves to the surface, and tsunamis are often generated by undersea earthquakes. A flood, by contrast, results from hydrological processes like heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, overflowing rivers, or dam failures, and is not caused by tectonic activity. So floods are not a tectonic hazard. This distinction matters for planning and mitigation: tectonic hazards rely on monitoring geological activity and earthquake/tsunami/vulcano defense, while floods focus on water management and flood defenses.